Sidney Edgerton. From Ohio to Montana And Back Again

No posts.

Home

Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)

Sidney Edgerton.

Total Pageviews

Hello! I'm Mr. Ed

Blog Created: 7-25-2022

Last Updated: 8-23-2023

CreditS:

Wikipedia // Great Falls Tribune // Akron - Summit County Public Library

Sidney Edgerton (August 17, 1818 – July 19, 1900) was an American politician, lawyer, judge and teacher from Ohio. He served during the American Civil War, as a Squirrel Hunter. During this time, Edgerton served as a U.S. Congressman. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln appointed him the first Chief justice of the Idaho Territorial Court. Edgerton lobbied for the creation of separate territories, out of the Idaho Territory, and in 1864, Abraham Lincoln appointed Edgerton as the first Territorial Governor of Montana. During his term as Territorial Governor, he was an alleged member of the infamous Montana Vigilantes, and was reputedly among its founders.

He was a sickly child that was not expected to survive; burial clothing was ordered for him. He survived and, eventually, moved to Ohio. He became a lawyer, and was involved in both the Free Soil Party and the Republican Party. After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, Edgerton was invited, by Brown's family, to settle Brown's affairs. He never was able to meet with Brown. He had a successful career as a politician, and after his term ended in the Territory of Montana, Edgerton returned to Ohio. He served as a lawyer in his home state until his death in 1900.

Early Life ~

Edgerton was born in Cazenovia, New York, on August 17, 1818. His parents were Amos and Zerviah (Graham) Edgerton, both of Connecticut. Zerviah was a cousin of millionaire philanthropist Anson Greene Phelps. As a child, Edgerton was so sickly and frail that burial clothes were prepared for him. Whereas the young Edgerton avoided death, the same could not be said for his father, a teacher by trade who had been blind for years. Amos Edgerton died when Sidney was still an infant. Left with six children to raise, Zerviah Edgerton struggled to maintain her family. By age eight, young Sidney was out of the home and working himself through school. He eventually attended the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary in Lima, New York, where his cousin taught, and where he would later become an instructor as well.

Early Career ~

In 1844, he moved to Ohio and began working in the law office of Rufus P. Spalding. Edgerton also taught in an academy in Tallmadge, Ohio, the same year. He studied law and graduated from the Cincinnati Law School in 1845. The next year Edgerton was admitted to the bar and began the practice of law in Akron, Ohio. During this time, Edgerton declared himself an Agnostic. He married Mary Wright (1827–1885) of Tallmadge on May 18, 1848, but Mary almost ended the relationship, because of Edgerton's religious views.

Political Career ~

Edgerton was a delegate to the convention that formed the Free Soil Party, in 1848. He then served as prosecuting attorney of Summit County, Ohio, from 1852 to 1856. Later in 1856, Edgerton was a delegate to the first Republican National Convention. That same year, he was nominated for probate judge, but he declined the nomination. Edgerton was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives in 1858.

House of Representatives and John Brown ~

Edgerton began his House term in 1859. As an abolitionist, he was at risk of attack; when his term began, he purchased a sword for his defense. The sword was held, secretly, inside a walking cane. As an ardent anti-slavery member of the House of Representatives, Edgerton made numerous speeches about its abolition. After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, Edgerton was asked by Brown's family to come and settle his affairs. This was very dangerous, as Edgerton was anti-slavery. Edgerton went by train, and was joined by Congressman Alexander Boteler and Congressman H. G. Blake. While on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Boteler was told that the men did not need to go on. Boteler and Blake listened to the advice, but Edgerton refused to go back.

John Brown in 1859.

On his arrival at Charles Town, Edgerton found the commander of Harper's Ferry, General William Taliaferro. Edgerton told Taliaferro about his request, but Taliaferro informed him that Governor Wise would only allow family and a minister to visit John Brown. That night, Taliaferro arranged for a wagon to take him back to Washington, D.C. Edgerton was given a driver and a guard, for his journey. During his ride back, a group of men on horses rode up, and Edgerton's guard jumped out of the wagon and ran. The men on horses retrieved the man, and brought him back to the wagon. Edgerton asked his guard why he ran, and the guard replied, "I heard them say that they would kill [you]". The men on horses then attempted to get Edgerton to leave the wagon, but he refused. He eventually made it out of Virginia, but always believed had he left the wagon, the men would have killed him. After this encounter, Edgerton viewed Southerners, generally, with contempt. Edgerton continued to be a large voice in the anti-slavery movement, but decided not to run for reelection in 1862.

American Civil War ~

During the Civil War, Edgerton served briefly as colonel in the Ohio Militia. Edgerton was one of the Squirrel Hunters, expert shots from Ohio, and served at the Defense of Cincinnati. Edgerton served as both a U.S. Congressman and soldier at the same time, during the first few years of the war.

Territory of Idaho ~

In 1863, Edgerton was appointed, by President Abraham Lincoln, to be the Chief Justice of the Territory of Idaho. His salary was to be $2,500 a year (about $34,000 in 2009). He left with his wife, his children, his niece, Lucia Darling, his nephew, Wilbur F. Sanders, Sanders' wife, Sanders' children, a family friend, Henry Tilden, and a young woman named Almarette Greer. Edgerton's group first travelled to Cleveland, Ohio, by train, they then traveled, by boat, across Lake Erie, continuing, by train, to St. Joseph, Missouri, they then travelled, by steamboat, to Omaha, Nebraska. They then bought their provisions, and began their trip on ox-drawn wagons. The party was met by good weather, and no bad confrontations with Native Americans. The group stopped at Chimney Rock, to visit. They then started off again, on their trip. One incident that did happen was when Edgerton fell from one of the wagons, and was almost crushed by one of the wheels. The group arrived at South Pass, in August 1863. After arriving in South Pass City, Edgerton received a telegraph message saying that the capital of the Territory of Idaho had yet to be decided. On August 15, as the group was heading west, a man arrived with a telegraph message saying that the capital of the Territory of Idaho was to be at Lewiston. The message was welcome news to the group, but knew that to get to Lewiston, before the snows, would be difficult. As the group descended the western slopes of the Rocky Mountains, it was discovered that Mary Edgerton was pregnant. In September, the group arrived at the trail, beginning at the Blackfoot River. Edgerton realized, that it would not be possible to make it to Lewiston, before the snows. The group then changed its course for Bannack. The party crossed the Snake River, by ferry, on September 6. After crossing, they met Sheriff Henry Plummer. This would not be the last meeting between Edgerton and Plummer. The group continued, and crossed Monida Pass. The group finally made it to Bannack, on September 16.

After arriving in Bannack, Idaho Territory, Edgerton reported to Territorial Governor William Wallace. Edgerton requested the designation of courts and districts, but no court was designated for his district. Wallace appointed Edgerton to one of the farthest and most remote places away from the capitol. When he arrived there was no administrator to administer the oath of office. He never took the oath of office and therefore he never legally took his position as Chief Justice. The Edgerton's then bought a home at a Sheriff's sale for $400. The one room home became the first Montana Governor's Residence. After arriving in his district, he began taking tours of the territory gold fields and gold camps. Edgerton realized the value of the gold fields, to the Union. He was then chosen, by the local population, to go to Washington D.C. His mission was to lobby for the split of the Territory of Idaho. Edgerton and Sanders then left in a stagecoach for Washington. Edgerton arrived with $2,500 in gold nuggets in his pockets (about $34,000 in 2009). He presented this to President Abraham Lincoln and numerous members of Congress. His lobbying paid off in 1864. That year the Territory of Idaho split into three parts. The three parts included the Territory of Idaho, the Territory of Montana, and the Territory of Dakota.

Territory of Montana ~

Before leaving Washington, D.C. for the Territory of Idaho, Edgerton had a private meeting with President Abraham Lincoln, in which he asked for the position of Territorial Governor of Montana. Lincoln told Edgerton that he would think about it. Edgerton then left for the west, unsure of whether or not he would have a new position when he arrived, but on May 23, 1864, while on his way home, Mary Edgerton had a baby girl. She named her Idaho, unknowing of the fact that it was now the Territory of Montana. After seeing his skills in the Territory of Idaho, President Abraham Lincoln appointed Edgerton as the first Territorial Governor of Montana.

President Abraham Lincoln appointed Sidney Edgerton to Idaho and Montana posts.

Lincoln appointed Edgerton on June 22, 1864, and Edgerton found out on his arrival at Bannack. Bannack was created the capital of Montana Territory, and the Edgertons were able to keep their same home. Edgerton was not supported by many settlers and miners in the Territory, as the majority were from border states and either supported the Confederacy or were Democrats who abhorred radical Republicans like him. There were even death threats for those who flew an American Flag. Edgerton put together a quick census, so that an election could be held. The elections would be for the State Council, State House, and for the Delegate of the Territory of Montana to the House of Representatives. After the elections of 1865, Democrats took power in the House, and took the Delegate seat in the House of Representatives. While the Republicans took the Council. Numerous engagements between the Governor and Democrats occurred, causing troubles for the Montana Legislature. In all, though, the legislature worked with Edgerton to pass numerous bills on roads, public education, irrigation, and mining.

Bannack, Idaho Territory where Sidney Edgerton lived, sent west by President Lincoln, now a Montana ghost town.

In 1865, Edgerton began to have to deal with threats from Native Americans. General Patrick Connor was sent to handle these threats. He led an expedition against the Sioux and Cheyenne Indians, who were disrupting travelers along the Bozeman Trail. Edgerton then issued a proclamation for five hundred volunteers to help defend immigrants. Numerous other battles were fought, and numerous treaties were signed between the Government of the Territory of Montana and the Native Americans.

In 1865, Edgerton was forced to go East to secure funds for the territory. The revenues being received were not enough to pay for expenses, and Edgerton himself gave large sums of his own money to the territory. He hoped to both get funds for the state, and receive compensation for his expenditures. He would receive neither. Edgerton left the Territory, in September 1865. During this time, Edgerton was in Washington, D.C. While he was away, Thomas Francis Meagher served as the acting Territorial Governor of Montana. Despite remaining governor, until January 13, 1866, Edgerton did not return to Montana for 25 years. To express their dislike for Edgerton, the state legislature changed the name of Edgerton County to Lewis and Clark County.

Montana Vigilantes ~

After numerous acts of lawlessness, and with no established court system, Edgerton supported his nephew, Wilbur F. Sanders, and other residents of Bannack and Virginia City as they organized the Vigilantes. This group began meeting in secret, and began trying and lynching suspected criminals. On January 10, 1864, members of the Vigilance Committee traveled to Sheriff Henry Plummer's home. Plummer was suspected of murder, and the men coaxed him from his sickbed. They then grabbed him, and brought him to a gallows he had constructed for hangings. Then the men put a noose over his neck, and hanged him next to two of his deputies who were also accused of being road agents. Along with the lynching of Plummer, the Montana Vigilantes hanged 22 road agents. After these actions Edgerton's nephew, Wilbur F. Sanders, was forced to defend the group in Utah courts.

Sheriff Henry Plummer, before his lynching.

Plummer was hanged along with his two deputies.

Death ~

After returning to Akron, Ohio, with his family in the Fall of 1865, Edgerton went back to his law practice. He was involved in his law practice until his death on July 19, 1900. He is buried in Tallmadge Cemetery in Tallmadge, Ohio.

Film ~

The actor Tol Avery played Judge Edgerton in the 1969 episode, "Lucia Darling and the Ostrich", of the syndicated television anthology series, Death Valley Days. Carol Booth (born 1941) was cast as a teacher, Lucia Darling, who tries to establish a school in 1863 in the since ghost town of Bannack, Montana. In the story line, a masked sheriff (William Bryant) and his deputy (Jeff Morris) rob the stagecoach bringing Lucia to Montana and steal both gold and her textbooks. She sets out to prove the officers' guilt despite the reservations of the town itself - hence the reference to "The Ostrich" in the sand in the title of the episode - and her uncle, Judge Edgerton, who shortly thereafter became the first governor of the Montana Territory.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Martha Edgerton and the death of Lincoln ~

Ken Robison, Sept. 26, 2014. Great Falls, Tribune. My Montana

Lincoln being assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater, 1865.

Editor’s note: This is the 37th installment of a monthly series commemorating Union and Confederate veterans of the Civil War who came to Montana after the war. This month features teenage Martha Edgerton, the daughter of Montana’s first territorial governor, and her keen impressions of Civil War Bannack. Descendants of Montana Civil War veterans are encouraged to send their stories to mtcivilwar@yahoo.com. To see recent installments from this series, visit greatfallstribune.com/civilwar.

Martha Edgerton.

In September 1863, precocious 13-year old Martha Edgerton arrived with her family in the booming mining camp of Bannack.

The daughter of Montana’s first territorial governor, Sidney Edgerton, Martha became a passionate witness to Civil War Montana.

She observed the activities and intense feelings of the strong secessionist element in its interaction with the loyal Union faction.

Years later, Martha wrote prolifically for the Montana Newspaper Association, a service for weekly newspapers, in the 1920s-30s.

This article presents early Montana through the eyes of young Martha Edgerton as she writes about how the news of President Abraham Lincoln’s death was received in Montana Territory.

I have sought in vain to find any reference given in any of the political histories of Montana concerning the manner in which the news of President Lincoln’s assassination was received in this locality, although it is not without historical significance, illustrating, as it does, the political situation here at that time, and during many succeeding years.

It is generally admitted today that no greater blow could have been dealt the South than it received in the assassination of Lincoln. The last appeal of the people was “in behalf of the humane and liberal policy he had inaugurated in Louisiana, for which he had been severely criticized.”

In his plan for reconstruction there was no thought of revenge. (President Lincoln) said: ‘Enough lives have been sacrificed; we must extinguish our resentments if we expect harmony and union.’ And General (Ulysses) Grant testifies of him: “It was in his nature to find excuses for his adversaries. In his death the nation lost its greatest hero; in his death the South lost its most just friend.”

When General (William T.) Sherman told General (Joseph E.) Johnston of the murder, being suspicious then of all Confederates, thinking they might have instigated it, he saw “great drops of perspiration come out on his (Johnston’s) forehead, as he exclaimed, it was a disgrace to the age.”

On April 14, 1865, the date of Lincoln’s assassination, life went on as usual in territorial capital Bannack. Ten days later, the shocking news arrived. Martha wrote:

I well remember the day the message arrived at Bannock. The skies were dark and lowering as if the very heavens had put on mourning. Soon the town was in a ferment. Little groups of men gathered on the streets, in the saloons, and elsewhere, to discuss the matter. One could tell at once from their faces, which were Northern, and which were Southern sympathizers. The former were stern with repressed feeling (while) the latter showed elation.

My little brother (Wright) who had been down the street with his father, came home to whisper to his mother, “Papa swore.” He was shocked at this unheard of occurrence, my father never being afflicted with that poverty of language, from which profanity springs. We learned later, that someone, in my father’s hearing had intimated his satisfaction that Lincoln had been killed. This man was fortunate in having only his ears assaulted. It was commonly reported, with how much truth I cannot say, that more than one man paid the penalty with his life, for making such an assertion.

We did not need to go on the streets to find those who delighted in our sorrow. A neighbor sent her little girl to us to say: “Didn’t we tell you that in eighteen hundred and sixty-five Abe Lincoln will be dead and not alive?”

Which was no worse than that sung throughout the North, “We’ll hang Jeff Davis from a sour apple tree.”

But exultantly flung at us then, it was an inexcusable insult. We said nothing to the child, well knowing that she had simply obeyed her parents in this act of signal discourtesy; but after she left, my mother, who was ordinarily reticent, told us of the last time she saw President Lincoln. She was standing near him in the White House, where she could observe him closely. She said she thought he had the saddest face she had ever seen.

Martha Edgerton’s mother expressed the shock of the Edgerton family over the news of Lincoln’s death in a letter to her own mother.

“We also heard that President Lincoln and Secretary Seward had been assassinated. It is terrible to think of it! What do these traitors expect to gain by such deeds?” Mary Wright Edgerton wrote on April 16. “I never saw Mr. Edgerton so excited about anything as he is about this. I do not wonder at it for it is enough (to) excite anyone. What a shock there must have been all through the States.”

The Missoulian, Missoula, Montana, 26 Sep 1936, Sat • Page 5

Ken Robison is a local historian and author of Montana Territory and the Civil War: A Frontier Forged on the Battlefield and the forthcoming Confederates in Montana Territory: In the Shadow of Price’s Army.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Special Collections Division of the Akron-Summit County Public Library

A Tallmadge Family on the Frontier: The Letters of Mary Wright Edgerton ~

by Judy James, Division Manager

Mary Wright’s childhood was fairly typical for a young woman growing up in the early Western Reserve of Ohio. One of twelve children of native New Englanders Alpha and Lucy Foster Wright.

Mary Wright Edgerton.

Mary was born in Tallmadge in 1827. Her father was a prosperous farmer, and they lived in a large and comfortable home in Tallmadge. She attended school in Tallmadge and later at Oberlin College. Her life of comfort and civility would change dramatically, however, with her marriage to Sidney Edgerton, a young law student living and working in Akron. Also of New England stock, Sidney moved to Akron in 1844. He worked for prominent attorney Rufus Spaulding and taught at the Tallmadge Academy, where he met Mary. In 1845 he entered the Cincinnati Law School, and upon graduating in 1846, returned to Akron, started a law practice and began a courtship with her. According to Summit County Marriage records, they were married May 18, 1849.

An able and ambitious young man, Sidney rose through the political ranks quickly. In 1848 he served as a delegate to the convention of the Free Soil Party, an independent political party that opposed slavery in the western territories. He served as Akron’s Prosecuting Attorney from 1852-1856.

In 1858 he was elected to Congress where he served for four years. In 1863, at the end of his second term, President Abraham Lincoln appointed Sidney as Chief Justice of the newly created territory of Idaho which covered most of present day Idaho, Montana and Wyoming. In 1865 he was appointed Governor of the Montana Territory. Lewis and Clark County was originally named Edgerton County, but the name was changed in 1868 to honor the explorers who had traversed it twice.

Sidney’s rapid rise from Akron lawyer to territory governor would significantly change the life of his wife Mary. For two years she lived on the western frontier, running a household and raising children in a log cabin without the domestic help she was accustomed to. She also left behind friends and a devoted family, including her twin sister and confidant, Martha Carter, with whom she corresponded. Although she wrote to several members of her family including her mother Lucy and sister Lucy Ann Shaw, most letters were sent to Martha. Found years later scattered on the attic floor of the Edgerton home at 116 South Walnut Street in Akron, they were donated by the family in 1962 to the Montana Historical Society. Many of these letters, from June 1863 to August 1865, may be found in A Governor’s Wife on the Mining Frontier: the Letters of Mary Edgerton from Montana, 1863- 1865 edited by James L. Thane, Jr. and published in 1976 by the University of Utah Library. Special Collections owns a copy of Mr. Thane’s book, and it may also be read online via the University of Utah’s J. Willard Marriott Library.

Mary’s letters home document the trip from Tallmadge to Idaho and ultimately to Bannack, Montana, a rustic town with few women and fewer “respectable” women. Through her letters we learn of the difficulties and hardships endured by pioneers, especially women, who moved west as our country expanded. Mary’s letters are complemented by the author’s narrative, which provides historical context for the time and circumstances of Mary’s and Sidney’s lives.

Mary and Sidney departed Tallmadge by carriage on June 1, 1863. Along with them were several acquaintances and relatives, including their children, Mattie, Wright, Sidney, and Pauline, who would later serve for more than 30 years as the head of the Akron Public Library. From Cuyahoga Falls, they took a train to Cleveland, a boat to Detroit, a train to Missouri, and a steamboat to Omaha. This was a departure point for many who were traveling west to seek their fortunes or claim land. It was here that the Edgerton party purchased wagons, oxen, and supplies for their journey. On June 10, Mary wrote an optimistic first letter home to her sister Martha, describing their journey to that point: “We were on the river two days and night…the boat was new and everything was neat and clean and our living was of the very best….It is a pity that we did not bring Blackie with us to take over the plains for cats sell at ten dollars apiece. We might make a small fortune if we could take enough cats with us.”

On June 16, they set off on the Overland Trail. Their progress was slow, with an average of about ten miles per day. In her letters home, Mary describes the terrain and weather they encountered, with particular attention paid to the flowers and plants she had not seen before. On August 18 the party reached Bannack, a newly-established gold mining town of about 500 residents. Today, it is a ghost town.

Two months after arriving Sidney purchased a log home, which Mary describes in letters sent to her mother in October of that year: “Mr. Edgerton has bought a very good log house for four hundred dollars. There was only one large room that had been used as a store, and a good kitchen…there are good board floors. Many of the houses have floors made of made of hides…many have no floors. We have not got our house finished yet, but hope to soon. I have made my rag carpet and as soon as we can have a fireplace and chimney built, shall put it down on our front room.”

Subsequent letters to her mother and sister include requests for various sundries, clothing and other items either not available in Bannack or very expensive to purchase there. She asked for sugar, tea, dried fruit, fabric, thread, and dresses “suitable for every day wear” because “anything nice I would never wear here.” In one letter she requests, “now this next that I write don’t read out loud to anyone. If you should send any crockery, don’t forget chamber furniture.”

The Idaho territory was lawless, generating a movement among some residents for the creation of a new territory from the eastern portion. Sidney returned to Washington, D.C. to lobby for this cause. His successful efforts led to the creation of the Montana Territory in May 1864. He was appointed governor that same month. When he left for Washington in January 1864, Mary was pregnant. He did not return until mid-summer, after their daughter and sixth child, Idaho, was born. Mary’s letters home reflect that she missed him and was a bit annoyed regarding his lack of communication: “I hope that I shall hear from Mr. Edgerton. You don’t know how long the time has seemed since he went away. I have not heard from him but once. I wish he was here now, for I need his advice about many things.”

Sidney, Mary, and their children remained in Montana until September 1865, when Sidney resigned from his position due to complicated political circumstances. The family returned to Akron, where Mary and Sidney lived for the remainder of their lives. Mary died in 1884 and Sidney followed in 1900. Both are buried at Tallmadge Cemetery.

In addition to this book of letters, the library also has a copy of Memories of a Long Life, her sister Martha Plassman’s memoir. It is a detailed and candid account of her youth and later life as a journalist, political activist and businesswoman in Montana, where she lived for most of her adult life. Although the Edgerton Family Papers are maintained by the Montana Historical Society, a collection of letters from Mary to Sidney is also held by Archival Services of the University of Akron.

The Edgerton family holds an important place in Summit County history. In addition to Sidney’s accomplishments, several other family members contributed to our community and our country.

Although much has been written about Sidney, it is Mary’s letters that give us an intimate glimpse of the family’s daily life, struggles and joys. Although the art and custom of letter and diary writing continue to decline in our world, it is refreshing and enlightening to be invited into hers.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Sidney Edgerton as a younger man.

Edgerton as an elderly man.

Tribute to Sidney Edgerton Marker.

William H. Wallace (1811-1879), 1st governor of Idaho Territory.

Arizona Miner. August 24, 1864.

Martha Edgerton Dies.

Letter 1860 June 2, Washington, D.C. to Mary Wright Edgerton, Tallmadge, Ohio.

Daughter Martha ~

Age 16.

Martha in her 20s.

Martha around 50 years old.

An elderly Martha.

Daughter Mary Pauline ~

Son LTC Wright Prescott Edgerton ~

Death Notice for Mary Wright Edgerton, Summit County Beacon, August 6, 1884, Wednesday ~

The Edgerton Family Plot at Tallmadge Cemetery, Tallmadge, Ohio ~

Sidney Edgerton's grave.

Wife Mary Wright Edgerton.

Daughter Lucy.

Daughter Mary.

Son Sidney Carter.

Unknown grave in plot. Inscription shield is missing.

Graves of those buried elsewhere ~

Daughter Harriet Louise. Buried at Curlew Cemetery, Curlew, Washington.

Daughter Helen. Buried at Highland Cemetery, Havre, Montana.

Daughter Mary Pauline. Buried at Highland Cemetery, Havre, Montana.

Daughter Martha Amelia. Entombed at Hillcrest Lawn Memorial Mausoleum, Great Falls, Montana.

Daughter Lucia Idaho. Buried at Glendale Cemetery, Akron, Ohio.

Son Wright Prescott. Buried at the U.S. Military Academy Post Cemetery, West Point, New York.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

To Read More, Check Out These Books by Clicking the Links ~

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Click the following links for more of my blogs ~

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Watermark theme. Powered by Blogger.